Lightweight, powerful lithium-ion batteries are crucial for the transition to electric vehicles, and global demand for lithium is set to grow rapidly over the next 25 years. A new analysis looks at how new mining operations and battery recycling could meet that demand.
Lightweight, powerful lithium-ion batteries are crucial for the transition to electric vehicles, and global demand for lithium is set to grow rapidly over the next 25 years. A new analysis looks at how new mining operations and battery recycling could meet that demand.
Recycling could play a big role in easing supply constraints, the researchers found. Lightweight, powerful lithium-ion batteries are crucial for the transition to electric vehicles, and global demand for lithium is set to grow rapidly over the next 25 years. A new analysis from the University of California, Davis, published May 29 inlooks at how new mining operations and battery recycling could meet that demand. Recycling could play a big role in easing supply constraints, the researchers found. "Batteries are an enormous new source of demand for lithium," said Alissa Kendall, the Ray B. Krone endowed professor of Environmental Engineering at UC Davis and senior author on the paper. Lithium is a relatively common mineral and up to about 10 years ago demand was relatively small and steady, with a small number of mines providing the world's supply, Kendall said. Global demand for lithium has risen dramatically -- by 30% between 2022 and 2023 alone -- as adoption of electric vehicles continues.Previous research has focused on forecasting cumulative demand over the next 30 years compared to what is known to be in the ground, said graduate student Pablo Busch, first author on the paper. But opening a new lithium mine is a potentially billion-dollar investment that could take 10 to 15 years to begin production, he said. New mining proposals can be delayed or cancelled by environmental regulations and local opposition. "It's not just about having enough lithium, it's how fast you can extract it," Busch said."Any supply disruption will slow down electric vehicle adoption, reducing mobility access and extending the operation of combustion engine vehicles and their associated carbon emissions." There are three main sources of usable lithium, in order of ease of extraction: briny water from deep underground; rocks; and sedimentary clays. Half the world's lithium currently comes from Australia, where it is mostly mined from rock. Parts of South America and the United States have lithium-rich brine in geothermal areas and oilfields, and the United States also has lithium-bearing clay. A fourth source of lithium is from recycling of old batteries. This is still a relatively expensive process compared to mining, Kendall said.Busch and Kendall modeled how the need to open new lithium mines would change over time under varying demand scenarios. They forecast that under the high-demand scenario, as many as 85 new and additional lithium deposits would need to be opened up by 2050. But this could be dramatically reduced, to as few as 15 new mines, through policies that push the market toward smaller batteries and extensive global recycling."Recycling is really important for geopolitical and environmental reasons," Kendall said."If you can meet a small percentage of demand with recycling, it can have a big impact on the need for new mines." Timing is everything. Some new mines need to open to create a flow of lithium that can be recycled. Depending on the demand scenario, recycling would make the biggest difference around 2035. Efficiency standards for electric cars and improvements to the public charging network to reduce"range anxiety" could also moderate lithium demand by encouraging smaller cars. Additional authors are Yunzhu Chen and Prosper Ogbonna, both at UC Davis. The work was funded by grants from the Heising-Simons Foundation and the ClimateWorks Foundation.Recyclers, battery manufacturers, and electric vehicle manufacturers must work together to revolutionize lithium-ion battery recycling processes to meet ever-growing demand for electric ... Researchers compared the environmental impacts of lithium-ion battery recycling to mining for new materials and found that recycling significantly outperforms mining in terms of greenhouse gas ... The boom in phones, laptops and other personal devices over the last few decades has been made possible by the lithium-ion battery, but as climate change demands more powerful batteries for ... Scientists have devised an efficient method of recovering high-purity silicon from expired solar panels to produce lithium-ion batteries that could help meet the increasing global demand to power ...Observing One-Dimensional Anyons: Exotic Quasiparticles in the Coldest Corners of the Universe
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