Science, Space and Technology News 2024
A representation of data visualization of quantum states of electrons on the surface and edge of grey arsenic crystal obtained using a scanning tunneling microscope at Princeton’s physics department. Credit: Image based on STM data simulations prepared by Shafayat Hossain and the Zahid Hasan group at the Laboratory for Topological Quantum Matter at Princeton University
“The search and discovery of novel topological properties of matter have emerged as one of the most sought-after treasures in modern physics, both from a fundamental physics point of view and for finding potential applications in next-generation quantum science and engineering,” said Hasan. “The discovery of this new topological state made in an elemental solid was enabled by multiple innovative experimental advances and instrumentations in our lab at Princeton.
Hasan noted that there is much interest in using topological materials for practical applications. But two important advances need to happen before this can be realized. First, quantum topological effects must be manifested at higher temperatures. Second, simple and elemental material systems that can host the topological phenomena need to be found.
When Hossain and Yuxiao Jiang, a graduate student in the Hasan group, turned the STM on the aresenic sample, they were greeted with a dramatic observation — grey arsenic, a form of arsenic with a metallic appearance, harbors both topological surface states and edge states simultaneously. David Hsieh, Chair of the Physics Division at Caltech and a researcher who was not involved in the study, pointed to the study’s innovative conclusions.
The combination of multiple experimental techniques enabled the researchers to probe the unique bulk-surface-edge correspondence associated with the hybrid topological state — and corroborate the experimental findings.The impact of this discovery is two-fold. The observation of the combined topological edge mode and the surface state paves the way to engineer new topological electron transport channels. This may enable the designing of new quantum information science ordevices.
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