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Lava flow on the eastern flank of Kilauea, fed by magma draining from an underwater reservoir. Credit: USGSWhile no two volcanic eruptions are exactly alike, scientists think a series of explosive eruptions at Kīlauea volcano fit into a whole new category.
For the most part, explosive volcanic eruptions are either primarily driven by rising magma, vaporized groundwater, or some combination of the two, according to Josh Crozier, who did this research as a doctoral student at the UO. But these eruptions didn’t quite fit the mold. View of a rising ash plume from Halema‘uma‘u, a crater at the summit of Kīlauea, late on May 24, 2018, as seen from the caldera rim near Volcano House. This is one of the explosions analyzed in this study. Credit: USGS
Before each explosion at the summit, magma was slowly draining from an underground reservoir. As the reservoir depleted, the ground above it — the crater within the caldera at the volcano’s summit — suddenly collapsed. Caldera collapse is fairly common, Crozier notes. So while this is the first time scientists have specifically spelled out this specific stomp-rocket mechanism, it’s probably not the only time it’s occurred.
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