The 2021 hurricane season is underway. See how NOAA satellites watched the record-breaking 2020 season, and how they help us monitor and forecast powerful storms in this week's EarthFromOrbit:
. An evaluation of adding these new data sets to the HWRF model showed significant improvements in both track and intensity forecasts. capture data over each spot on Earth twice a day. They measure the state of the atmosphere by taking precise measurements of sea surface temperatures and atmospheric temperature and moisture, which are critical to securing storm forecasts several days in advance.
NOAA-20 and Suomi-NPP also carry a microwave sounder that penetrates clouds, allowing forecasters to see the internal structure of tropical cyclones. This helps forecasters understand the direction, movement and intensity of these storms. The Day-Night Band on JPSS satellites provides a snapshot of a hurricane’s cloud structure at night, along with lightning and gravity waves at various altitudes. Emergency responders also use the Day-Night Band to monitor power outages.
provide real-time tracking and monitoring of tropical cyclones as well as the environmental conditions that cause them to formBy imaging a storm as often as every 30 seconds, these satellites help forecasters more easily discern the movement of cloud features and provide greater confidence in estimating the center of the storm. The added confidence in locating the center of circulation also helps guide reconnaissance aircraft to the correct location.
GOES-16 and GOES- 17 also provide a detailed look at the storm properties of a hurricane, including cloud top cooling, central pressure, and convective structures as well as specific features of a hurricane’s eye, wind estimates, and lightning activity. This information is critical to estimating a storm’s intensity.
Together, NOAA’s geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites make a powerful team. Each provides critical information for hurricane forecasting, tracking, and intensity estimation. Different vantage points, imaging frequency, and instrumentation provide complementary measurements to help forecasters better understand and predict the behavior of hurricanes, improving public safety and protecting life and property.for the latest information on tropical storm and hurricane activity.
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