The date when humans started cooking their food is hotly debated. New evidence from Israel suggests our ancestors may have baked fish in earthen ovens 780,000 years ago
“We’ve developed a methodology that allows us to identify cooking in relatively low temperatures, as opposed to burning,” she says. “You cannot immediately correlate the control of fire with cooking unless you show that the food has been cooked.”, based on the discovery of charred animal remains. But that doesn’t necessarily mean people were heating food before eating it, says Zohar.
Zohar and her colleagues studied a 780,000-year-old settlement in Gesher Benot Ya’aqov in Israel’s northern Jordan river valley. No human remains have been found there, but based on its age and the stone tools at the site, the inhabitants are most likely to have beenThe researchers noticed clumps of fish teeth – but no bones – around areas where hearths once burned.
The researchers carried out cooking and burning experiments on readily available black carp , heating them at different temperatures up to 900°C , and then examined the resulting crystal sizes in the tooth enamel. They also looked at crystal sizes in three fossilised teeth from 3.15-to-4.5 million-year-old Jordan barbel, which had probably never been exposed to high heat.
Notably, the results reveal that humans weren’t just eating fish raw and throwing the heads into the fire, because the tooth enamel would have shown exposure to much higher temperatures, she says.
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