DNA discovery highlights how we maintain healthy blood sugar levels after meals Cambridge_Uni NatureGenet
Most studies to date of insulin resistance have focused on the fasting state—that is, several hours after a meal—when insulin is largely acting on the liver. But we spend most of our time in the fed state, when insulin acts on our muscle and fat tissues.underlying insulin resistance after a so-called"glucose challenge"—a sugary drink, or a meal, for example—play a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Yet these mechanisms are poorly-understood.
Professor Sir Stephen O'Rahilly, Co-Director of the Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science at the University of Cambridge, said,"We know there are some people with specific rare genetic disorders in whom insulin works completely normally in the fasting state, where it's acting mostly on the liver, but very poorly after a meal, when it's acting mostly on muscle and fat.
The team identified new 10 loci—regions of the genome—associated with insulin resistance after the sugary drink. Eight of these regions were also shared with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, highlighting their importance. One of these newly-identified loci was located within the gene that codes for GLUT4, the critical protein responsible for taking up glucose from the blood into cells after eating. This locus was associated with a reduced amount of GLUT4 in muscle tissue.
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