New deep brain stimulation device coupled with powerful AI may improve therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Using a novel deep brain stimulation (DBS) device capable of recording brain signals, researchers have identified a pattern of brain activity or “biomarker” related to clinical signs
Although the approach is still experimental, clinical research shows that DBS can be used safely and effectively to treat cases of depression in which symptoms have not improved with antidepressant medications, referred to as treatment-resistant depression. People receiving DBS undergo surgery to have a thin metal electrode implanted into specific brain areas to deliver electrical impulses that modulate brain activity.
In the study, patients received DBS targeting the subcallosal cingulate cortex , a brain region that regulates emotional behavior and is involved in feelings of sadness. DBS of the SCC is an emerging therapy that can provide stable, long-term relief from depressive symptoms for years. However, using DBS to treat depression remains challenging because each patient’s path to stable recovery looks different.
Christopher Rozell, Ph.D., Julian T. Hightower Chair and professor of electrical and computer engineering at Georgia Tech in Atlanta, and his colleagues used a technique called explainable artificial intelligence to understand these subtle changes in brain activity. The algorithm used brain data to distinguish between depressive versus stable recovery states and was able to explain what activity changes in the brain were the main drivers of this transition.
Researchers also used AI tools to analyze changes in facial expression extracted from videos of participant interviews. In a clinical setting, a patient’s facial expression can reflect the severity of their depression symptoms, a change that psychiatrists likely pick up on in routine clinical evaluations. They found patterns in individual patient expressions that coincided with their transition from illness to stable recovery.
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