This comprehensive review in the journal Foods explores the therapeutic potential of phytonutrients in combating obesity. The paper delves into various plant-based compounds like polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, detailing their mechanisms of action in inhibiting fat accumulation, regulating metabolism, and even altering gut microbiota.
By Dr. Sanchari Sinha Dutta, Ph.D.Oct 1 2023 A review article published in the journal Foods provides a detailed overview of the therapeutic effectiveness of phytonutrients in obesity.
Phytonutrients present in traditional diets, including the Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, African Heritage diet, Asian diet, and DASH, are known to have beneficial effects in treating obesity. However, the bioavailability of these phytonutrients depends on various factors, including intestinal digestion and absorption processes, interactions with other substances, cooking processes, and individual differences.
Evidence indicates that -Epigallocatechin gallate derived from green tea extracts reduces lipid accumulation by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and stimulating the conversion of white adipocytes into brown adipocytes. Curcumin has been found to prevent lipid accumulation by increasing lipolysis, preventing fatty acid synthesis, and increasing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.
Overconsumption of fatty foods alters gut microbiota composition by reducing beneficial bacterial populations. Evidence indicates that phlorizin helps prevent obesity by maintaining gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier integrity.Gallic acid is a phenolic acid derived from vegetables and fruits.
Cinchonine, an alkaloid, has been found to reduce adipogenesis by downregulating the WNT and galanin-mediated signaling pathways. Other alkaloids, such as lansiumamide B and mahanimbine, have shown anti-obesity effects by inhibiting adipogenesis, preventing hyperlipidemia and fat accumulation, and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.Terpenoids are the largest secondary metabolites mostly found in essential oils. Carotenoids are tetraterpene pigments with anti-obesity properties.
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