Living in neighborhoods with high police violence may increase risks of preterm delivery and cardiovascular disease in Black women, according to a new study in ScienceAdvances.
), which is required for selection into the cohort. Last, the data are from a single institution in Chicago and may not be representative of the city of Chicago or generalizable to other locations; future studies are needed to determine how they generalize.
Despite these limitations, this study highlights police violence as a potential contributor to PTD and CVD risk in Black women. There are persistent racial disparities in these outcomes in the United States, which continue to be poorly understood, because they cannot be explained by traditional risk factors and widen as women’s socioeconomic conditions improve.
In the CVD cohort, records were obtained for patients between the ages of 30 and 80 who visited an internal medicine physician at a single Chicago hospital between January 2001 and December 2018. The EHR review was limited to those who were CVD free at the index visit and who had a follow-up visit at least 2 years later . Patients living outside Chicago or with missing or incomplete addresses were excluded , as were those missing race/ethnicity or listed as other.
In the pregnancy cohort, patients were considered exposed if at least one EFP complaint was filed in their block group in the year leading up to delivery. We used a 1-year period to ensure an equal exposure period for all patients, regardless of gestation length.
By calculating exposure as the average number of complaints per year of follow-up, an artificial relationship was created between exposure and length of follow-up. For example, for a patient to have an exposure of 0.1 complaints per year, they must have a minimum of 10 years of follow-up. Patients with less follow-up time cannot have a similarly low exposure [e.g., a patient with 2 years of follow-up can have an exposure of 0 or ≥0.5 , but they cannot have an exposure between 0 and 0.5].
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