The African continent is poised to have a pivotal role in the global population landscape, with the United Nations projecting a population of 2.5 billion (more than 25% of the global population) by 2050.
The African continent is poised to have a pivotal role in the global population landscape, with the United Nations projecting a population of 2.5 billion by 2050. Amid this demographic shift, Africa faces a unique healthcare challenge—navigating a complex landscape of infectious and non-communicable diseases. This necessitates a departure from the conventional ‘one-size-fits-all’ medical model toward precision approaches that are efficient and sustainable.
There is increasing evidence that the findings from gene discovery studies performed on European study groups cannot be extended to African populations. A pertinent example is the genetic predisposition for non-syndromic hearing loss, which affects around 6 in 1,000 in sub-Saharan Africa. In comparison, in Europe and North America around 1 in 1,000 are affected. However, results of studies for the African population show a different picture.
As another example, the African population has a disproportionately high risk of developing chronic kidney disease. The prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa is between 12.2% and 16.5% as compared to the global average of 9.1%. Possible reasons for this are genetic variants of the apolipoprotein L1, G1 and G2, which have a high prevalence in the African population. Those genetic variants were shown to be associated with a high risk for nondiabetic chronic nephropathy.
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