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Blood test could help identify people at high risk for Alzheimer's, study suggests

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Blood test could help identify people at high risk for Alzheimer's, study suggests
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A blood test may help predict whether healthy older adults are likely to develop Alzheimer’s symptoms within five to 10 years, researchers reported Wednesday.

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A blood test may help predict whether healthy older adults are likely to develop Alzheimer’s symptoms within five to 10 years, researchers reported Wednesday. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration began permitting the use of p-tau217 to help diagnose Alzheimer’s in May 2025. The findings, published in JAMA and presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in London, analyzed data from 2,684 older adults who were healthy when they enrolled in the long-term study.

A blood test may help predict whether healthy older adults are likely to develop Alzheimer’s symptoms within five to 10 years, researchers reported Wednesday. The test is currently being used to help determine whether people who are experiencing cognitive problems have Alzheimer’s or another disorder, but it could help scientists enroll people who are most likely to benefit from experimental treatments. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration began permitting the use of p-tau217 to help diagnose Alzheimer’s in May 2025.

It measures a form of tau that correlates with the amount of plaque buildup someone has. The test can also help doctors diagnose whether a patient’s memory problems are due to Alzheimer’s or a number of other medical conditions.

However, it was only cleared for people 55 years of age or older who were showing early signs of Alzheimer’s. The study found that older adults with extremely high p-tau217 levels faced a 38% risk of developing cognitive impairment within five years. The risk went even higher to 78% over a 10-year span.

The findings, published in JAMA and presented at the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in London, analyzed data from 2,684 older adults who were healthy when they enrolled in the long-term study. Participants then underwent yearly cognitive assessments and since 2004, 478 of them have developed cognitive impairment. Those with lower p-tau217 levels had similar low risk over the study period. The study has not come with its critics.

Some outside researchers say the smaller sample size has created a wave of expectations that they consider pshaw at this stage, given how much evidence is still missing. Alzheimer's is a progressive and fatal disease, gradually worsening from the early stages of memory loss to the inability to have a conversation.

More severe symptoms include "disorientation, mood and behavior changes; deepening confusion about events, time and place; unfounded suspicions about family, friends and professional caregivers; more serious memory loss and behavior changes; and difficulty speaking, swallowing and walking.

"Age is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer’s: Most people who have it are 65 and older. If a person younger than 65 is diagnosed, it’s considered "younger-onset" or "early-onset" Alzheimer’s. More than seven million Americans have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer's disease accounts for 60–80% of dementia cases.

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