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With Joseph Ratzinger’s death, the Catholic Church loses one of the greatest minds in its 2,000-year history. A leading German theologian who took part in the Second Vatican Council, he rose to worldwide prominence after his 1981 appointment as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith .
The pope emeritus was “capable of deeper theological reflection than his critics, who lack respect and are ideologically blinded,” Cardinal Gerhard Müller wrote in 2019, and was “able to get closer to the source of the fire that has set the Church’s roof ablaze.” In 1966, he accepted Swiss theologian Hans Küng’s invitation to lecture at the University of Tübingen, remaining there until 1969, when he moved to the University of Regensburg, where he later became vice president.
In 1975, to mark the 10th anniversary of the Council’s conclusion, he authored an article publicly articulating his conviction that the only proper way to interpret the Second Vatican Council was in strict continuity with previous Church councils, such as the Council of Trent and the First Vatican Council. Accordingly, its teachings could not be used to justify a rupture with the continuity of Tradition.
As “Co-Workers of the Truth” , the Pope and prefect put their shoulders to the task of stabilising the Church and fulfilling the Council’s true mandate of reform.While at the helm of the CDF, Cardinal Ratzinger sought to clarify and defend the faith, address new challenges to Catholic sexual and medical ethics, and end abuses in sacred worship.
Cardinal Ratzinger was instrumental in securing the Holy See’s endorsement of the Norms and Charter for the Protection of Young People, which was approved by the US Conference of Catholic Bishops in 2002 and became a model for episcopal conferences all over the world in dealing with the abuse crisis.
On April 19, 2005, Ratzinger was elected pope at the age of 78. He took the name of Benedict XVI, principally after St Benedict of Nursia, the patron saint of Europe and the founder of Western monasticism. Likewise, he took immediate steps to continue John Paul’s ecumenism, as well as his dialogue with Judaism and Islam. In 2009, he erected a canonical structure that allowed Anglicans to become Catholics while retaining their patrimony and liturgy.
“God is a relationship. God is love. The relationship between Father, Son and Spirit is fundamentally a spiritual relationship of love, and that is the fundamental reality of creation.” Further controversy erupted in 2009, when Benedict revoked the excommunications of four bishops of the Society of St Pius X whom Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre had consecrated in 1988 against the will of Pope John Paul II. Adding to the tensions, unknown to Benedict, one of the bishops, Richard Williamson, had denied the Holocaust.
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