Research reveals ants inflict pain with neurotoxins uq_news NatureComms
responses were measured using a FLIPRfluorescent plate reader equipped with a CCD camera . Signals were read every second for 10 s before, and 300 s after, the addition of venom fractions .Pc1a, Rm4a and Mri1a were produced using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis at 0.1 mmole scale. Protecting groups used were Lys/Trp/His, Ser/Thr/Tyr, Asp/Glu, Asn/Gln/Cys/His, and Arg. Peptides were assembled on Rink-amide ProTide resin to produce the native C-terminal amide.
Ta2a and Ta3a were purchased from GenScript Biotech corporation with a purity of 99.1% and 95.4%, respectively. In the experiments testing for amelioration of nocifensive behaviours by TTX, Pc1a was administered as above, with or without TTX , and spontaneous nocifensive behaviour events were counted from 5 min video recordings by a blinded experimenter.
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