Images from the Mars Express Orbiter show the remains of a massive ancient Martian lake that held 3 times more water than the Caspian Sea.
In January 2024, DLR's HRSC on board ESA's Mars Express spacecraft captured the Caralis Chaos region, which has several interesting and sometimes puzzling landscape features – such as a field of small, light-coloured hills to the northeast . The mounds are located in the remains of a depression that was once filled by a lake. Image Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin
. Mars may have even hosted a massive ocean that covered about one-third of its surface. Eridania Lake was likely a single lake until the late Noachian when Mars gradually lost its water. During that period, the lake was fragmented into multiple smaller lakes. The floors of all of the basins that comprised Eridania Lake are covered by light-toned materials containing Fe/Mg-. The region also has chloride, indicating that a playa region once existed here as the water receded. Some of the geological evidence in the region suggests that some surface water may have survived until long after the Noachian.
This image shows the extent and depth of ancient Lake Eridania. It also shows Sirenum Fossae, two large faults in the Martian surface. Image Credit: By Jim Secosky modified NASA image – https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/figures/PIA22059_fig1.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63330708
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