Africanpenguins: Climate refugees from a distant past?
Now imagine sea levels rising up to a hundred meters between 15,000 to 7,000 years ago, gradually covering these large islands until only small hill tops and outcrops remained above water.
In 1910, Dassen Island was teeming with an estimated 1.45 million penguins. However, by 2011 South Africa's entire African penguin population had collapsed to 21,000 breeding pairs, and by 2019 they further declined to only 13,600. Approximately 97% of the current penguin population in South Africa is supported by only seven breeding colonies.
As penguins prefer to breed on islands to escape mainland predators, the researchers used topographic maps of the ocean floor off the coast of southern Africa to identify potential historical islands lying at ten to 130 meters below current sea levels.
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