A small mutation that we have but Neanderthals and other primates don’t boosts the growth of neurons in the brain neocortex, the brain region associated with higher intelligence.
, or of the density of neurons within it, or both, says Huttner.
Studies of skulls suggest that the brains of modern humans and Neanderthals were similar in size, but shaped differently, with Neanderthals having more elongated brains. The researchers speculate that it is possible this difference in shape is due to the mutation. So could people be made more intelligent by tweaking genes in a way that further increases the number of basal radial glia?Journal reference:
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