For a while now, we've known there's a complex interplay between our hormones, guts, and mental health, but untangling the most relevant connections within our bodies has proved challenging.
Produced in ovaries and after doing its chores around our bodies – including regulating our menstrual cycles – estradiol is metabolized in the liver and then passed into the gut. Here, the hormone is partially reabsorbed back into the bloodstream to help maintain circulating levels of estrogen.Within 2 hours of adding estradiol to fecal microbiome samples from the women with depression, there was a 78 percent degradation in the hormone.
Scientists also transplanted the gut microbiota from 5 of the women with depression into mice, who showed a 25 percent decrease in estradiol levels in their blood serum compared with the mice control group. It seems clear that a gut microbe is responsible for the increased degradation of this hormone within our digestive systems.
To isolate the microbe responsible, Li and the team placed samples of the microbiome from the women with depression onto an agar plate and provided them with estradiol as their only food source.
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