Space and astronomy news
The galactic cluster Abell 370, with the Dragon Arc highlighted. Credit: NASA, ESA, the Hubble SM4 ERO Team and ST-ECF
One powerful way to study the galaxies is to study individual stars. By looking at the ages, types, and distribution of stars in the Milky Way, we’ve captured a detailed snapshot of how our galaxy formed and evolved. The only problem with this approach is that we can only do this for a handful of galaxies. Even with the most powerful telescopes, we can only see individual stars in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies such as Andromeda.
The Dragon has been studied before using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, and from these studies astronomers have been able to see a handful of blue supergiant stars, which are the largest and brightest main sequence stars. But identifying individual stars is notoriously difficult. In this new study, the team used JWST observations of The Dragon from 2022 and 2023.
The team was able to identify more than 40 microlensing events, and was therefore able to capture the spectra of more than 40 individual stars in the distant galaxy. Based on the spectra, these stars are red supergiants similar to Betelgeuse. The study shows that microlensing events such as these are common, so we should be able to see lots more stars in this distant galaxy in the future.
We know a great deal about red supergiants in the Milky Way. Since they are dying stars, red giants play a significant role in enriching the available elements in a galaxy, which determines things such as the formation of stars and even life. But by studying these distant red giants, we will be able to see how they impacted the chemical diversity of younger galaxies. It could even help us understand what the Milky Way was like when the Sun and Earth began to form.
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