50,000-year-old Neanderthal bones harbor oldest-known human viruses

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50,000-year-old Neanderthal bones harbor oldest-known human viruses
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Emily is a health news writer based in London, United Kingdom. She holds a bachelor's degree in biology from Durham University and a master's degree in clinical and therapeutic neuroscience from Oxford University. She has worked in science communication, medical writing and as a local news reporter while undertaking journalism training.

Neanderthals who lived 50,000 years ago were infected with three viruses that still affect modern humans today, researchers have discovered.

In this way, they showed that our closest, now-extinct relatives could be infected with three common, modern human viruses: a type of adenovirus, a herpesvirus and a papillomavirus. The researchers behind the new study say the findings provide physical evidence to support the theory that viruses may have played a role in the demise of the Neanderthals, who went extinct around 40,000 years ago. The findings, published Tuesday to the preprint server bioRxiv, have not yet been peer-reviewed.

"This discovery not only expands our understanding of viral evolution and disease throughout human history, but may also open avenues for the development of new medical approaches, especially with regard to vaccines and antiviral treatments," co-senior study author Marcelo Briones, a professor of bioinformatics at the Federal University of São Paulo in Brazil, said in a statement.

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