4 ways the Israel-Hamas war could end -- and the risks to your investments

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4 ways the Israel-Hamas war could end -- and the risks to your investments
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Markets currently are priced for near-perfection and overly optimistic about how the conflict ends

Hamas’s barbaric massacre of at least 1,400 Israelis on October 7, and Israel’s subsequent military campaign in Gaza to eradicate the group, has introduced four geopolitical scenarios bearing on the global economy and markets. As is often the case with such shocks, optimism may prove misguided.

The economic and market implications of this scenario are mild. The current modest rise in oil prices would recede, because there will have been no shock to regional production and exports from the Gulf. Though the U.S. could try to interdict Iranian oil exports to punish it for its destabilizing role in the region, it is unlikely to pursue such an escalatory measure. Iran’s economy would continue to stagnate under existing sanctions, deepening its dependence on close ties with China and Russia.

Unlike Netanyahu, this new Israeli government would not be openly committed to regime change in Iran. It could secure the Islamic Republic’s tacit acceptance of Israeli-Saudi normalization in exchange for new talks toward a nuclear deal that includes sanctions relief. That would allow Iran to focus on urgently needed domestic economic reforms. Obviously, this scenario would have highly positive economic implications, both in the region and globally.

If Israel, and possibly the U.S., bomb Iran, production and exports of energy from the Gulf would be set back, possibly for months. This would trigger a 1970s-style oil shock, followed by global stagflation , crashing stock markets, volatility in bond yields and a rush into safe-haven assets like gold GC00, +0.14%. The economic fallout would be more severe in China and Europe than in the U.S.

The toppling of the Islamic Republic would allow Iran to rejoin the international community. There would still be a severe global stagflationary recession, but the stage would be set for greater stability and stronger growth in the Middle East. The good news, then, is that there is a relatively high chance — 65% — of the conflict not escalating regionwide, implying that the economic fallout would be mild or contained. The bad news is that markets are currently assigning only at best a 5% probability to a regional conflict that would have severe stagflationary effects around the world, when a more reasonable figure is 35%.

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