Despite a prevailing belief that 3D printing will reduce international trade, the practice allows economies to produce goods locally and expands trade overall, according to a UC San Diego study released Tuesday.
The timely paper comes the day after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration moved to make hearing aids cheaper and easier to buy over the counter without a prescription or medical exam.
President Joe Biden called on the FDA to make hearing aids available over the counter last year in his"Promoting Competition in the American Economy" executive order intended to lower costs and increase competition in certain industries. Freund's findings reveal that the shift to 3D printing led to a doubling or near doubling in producers' exports after five years and the technology was the main cause for the rise in exports.
The authors also examined 35 other products, such as running shoes, aircraft parts and prosthetic limbs that are increasingly being 3D printed and they found similar patterns. According to the paper, one reason behind the expansion is that printing hearing aids in high volumes require a large investment in technology and machinery. The countries that were early innovators — Denmark, Switzerland and Singapore — dominate exports of the product, while middle-income economies such as China, Mexico and Vietnam also have been able to substantially increase their market shares.
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