Korean researchers engineered a hybrid anode that stops 'dead lithium' from forming during rapid charging.
A team of researchers in Korea has created a hybrid anode material that allows batteries to charge rapidly without the typical degradation in lifespan, addressing a key challenge for electric vehicles and smartphones.
“Experimental tests demonstrated that this hybrid anode delivers over four times the capacity of conventional graphite under high-rate charging conditions ,” said the researchers in a press release.In full-cell tests, batteries with the new anode retained 70% of their initial capacity after more than 1,000 charge-discharge cycles.When assembled into pouch cells, the anode demonstrated stability for over 2,100 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 99%, suggesting the material is durable enough for practical applications. The development targets the problem of lithium plating, where rapid charging causes “dead lithium” to form on the anode’s surface. This buildup permanently lowers the battery’s storage capacity and accelerates its overall deterioration.A structural solutionThe team’s solution is a hybrid anode with a specific architecture. It combines standard graphite particles with bent, curved nanosheets of an organic material called chlorinated contorted hexabenzocoronene . The curved structure of the nanosheets is a key component, creating larger interlayer spaces and nanoscale channels. These channels create pathways for lithium ions, allowing them to pass through more efficiently than in a standard graphite anode.“When blended in equal parts, these two materials facilitate a sequential Li-ion insertion process where ions first enter the nanosheets and then move into the graphite,” explained the press release.“This staged insertion prevents the formation of dead lithium, enabling fast charging without capacity loss, as confirmed through theoretical simulations.”Theoretical simulations by the team confirmed this mechanism is responsible for the anode’s ability to handle fast charging without losing capacity.Path to commercializationThe researchers noted that the fabrication process is scalable and compatible with existing battery manufacturing infrastructure, which are important factors for commercial viability. The chemical versatility of the curved nanosheets also opens avenues for developing other energy storage systems. The team is exploring its use in sodium-ion batteries, an alternative to lithium-ion technology because sodium is more abundant. The study concludes that this sequential insertion mechanism offers a design principle for creating next-generation batteries that require both rapid charging and long-term stability.The research, a collaboration between UNIST, Korea University, and the Korea Institute of Science and Technology , was published in Advanced Functional Materials.Parallel developmentsThis breakthrough is part of a broader global effort to develop next-generation energy storage. In a separate development, researchers at the University of Limerick have created the world’s first full-cell dual-cation battery. This system merges lithium and sodium ions to dramatically enhance capacity and stability.“For the first time, we’ve shown that sodium-ion batteries can be ‘supercharged’ by pairing sodium and lithium in a sodium-dominant dual-cation electrolyte,” said Associate Professor Geaney from the University of Limerick.
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